粮食安全视角下中国历史气候变化影响与响应的过程与机理   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

方修琦  郑景云  葛全胜 《地理科学》2014,(11):1299-1306

基于现代全球变化研究中关于脆弱性和粮食安全的概念,把历史时期的粮食安全分解为粮食生产安全、粮食供给安全、粮食消费安全3个层次,以气候变化直接影响粮食生产水平为起点,分析气候变化-农(牧)业收成-食物的人均供给量-饥民-社会稳定性的驱动-响应链中的关键过程,指出气候变化影响的驱动-响应关系不能归结为简单的因果关系,诸如耕地、人口、政策、外来势力都会对气候变化的影响起着放大或抑制的作用。  相似文献   

Testing the credibility of historical newspaper reporting of extreme climate and weather events     

Duncan Munro  Anthony Fowler 《New Zealand geographer》2014,70(3):153-164

In recent years, newspaper research has been streamlined by digitisation and online hosting by PapersPast. This paper tests the reliability and credibility of reporting of extreme weather and climatic events through PapersPast to determine if newspaper research of past climate can be further streamlined. Searches were conducted through four early‐20th‐century Auckland newspapers, where counts of articles returned by key‐word searches for particular periods were compared against periods of known extremes. We find that blind searches have only limited potential in identifying extreme weather and climatic events and that they are no substitute for thorough analyses of documentary sources.  相似文献   

东北地区历史时期森林空间格局网格化重建方法研究(英文)     

李士成  何凡能  张学珍 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(6)

The spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land-cover datasets plays an important role in studying the climatic and ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change(LUCC). Using potential natural vegetation(PNV) and satellite-based land use data, we determined the possible maximum distribution extent of forest cover in the absence of human disturbance. Subsequently, topography and climate factors were selected to assess the suitability of land for cultivation. Finally, a historical forest area allocation model was devised on the basis of the suitability of land for cultivation. As a case study, we used the historical forest area allocation model to reconstruct forest cover for 1780 and 1940 in Northeast China with a 10-km resolution. To validate the model, we compared satellite-based forest cover data with our reconstruction for 2000. A one-sample t-test of absolute bias showed that the two-tailed significance was 0.12, larger than the significant level 0.05, suggesting that the model has strong ability to capture the spatial distribution of forests. In addition, we calculated the relative difference of our reconstruction at the county scale for 1780 in Northeast China. The number of counties whose relative difference ranged from-30% to 30% is 99, accounting for 74.44% of all counties. These findings demonstrated that the provincial forest area could be transformed into forest cover maps well using the model.  相似文献   

Study on the extremely cold winter of 1670 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River     

JunHui Yan  MingQi Li  HaoLong Liu  JingYun Zheng  Hui Fu 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(6):0540-0545

The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.  相似文献   

机载定位定姿辅助空中三角测量成图精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐健林 《测绘科学》2014,39(10)

通过衡阳测区的POS辅助航空摄影测量实践,文章利用HNCORS对UCXP搭载POS/AV510系统获取的航摄影像及POS数据进行像片控制测量,采用DPGrid空三加密技术进行内业加密,生成1∶2000正射影像图.通过成图精度验证,结果证明UCXP航摄仪搭载POS/AV系统,经过DPGrid空三的加密成果,能满足该测区平面和高程精度要求.  相似文献   

UX5无人机不同航高的精度分析     

马刚 《北京测绘》2014,(6):12-15

无人机数字航测系统以其快速、灵活、精度高的特点逐渐取代传统的航空摄影测量。本文对UX5无人机数字航测系统在不同航高下测量成果的精度进行分析,寻求精度和效率的平衡点,对工程实际应用提出可行方案。  相似文献   

IPS在无人机遥感影像处理中的应用     

宋树军 《测绘信息与工程》2014,(4):65-69

介绍了IPS在无人机遥感影像处理中的流程及软件的特点和优势,实例验证,该软件能够快速处理海量无人机遥感数据,为无人机遥感影像数据处理市场提供了一种实用的有效解决方案。  相似文献   

SWDC－4数字航空摄影的质量检查内容及实现手段     

冮丽杰  刘津怿  宋丽红  窦春和 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(11)

针对SWDC－4（ Si wei Digital Camera ）框幅式数字航空摄影的成果质量检查内容,设计了相应的航摄质量、影像质量、文档资料等成果质量检查方法。此方法在日常生产中可快速检查航摄成果质量,对外业航摄进度和内业后期数据处理具有指导意义。  相似文献   

基于移动GIS和LBS技术的地名地址快速采集方法研究与应用     

张伟  曲筱筱  孔昭龙  高浠舰  李飞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(12)

介绍移动GIS的特点和LBS定位技术,针对目前地名地址采集过程中存在的数据采集不准确、不规范和周期长等一系列问题,设计了从外业拍照、数据采集、内业录入到数据更新的地名地址数据采集流程,并开发了地名地址数据采集系统,其次,介绍地名地址采集系统的实现和功能配置,并结合实例分析系统的应用情况.系统既简化了地名地址的采集流程,同时又提高了数据采集的效率.  相似文献   

中国历史大疫的时空分布及其规律研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

孙关龙 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(6):123-128

文章从甲骨文、二十五史、十三经、古医书、笔记和杂录、地方志、类书中,获取了中国历史大疫385条(公元前13世纪至1911年)。进而,对385奈疫情的烈度进行定量分级,分析中国历史大疫的时间分布、空间分布,并提出了一些规律性见解：在历史上中国是大疫频繁发生的国家;3000多年大疫史上有两个活跃期(公元2～3世纪、16～19世纪),且有愈后愈多之势,从百年一遇,到数十年一遇、数年一遇;东部多,西部少,以长江中下游和黄河中下游地区为最甚;存在着灾害链,有旱—疫、涝—疫、饥—疫等10多种灾害链。  相似文献